中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
爱奇艺更改会员投屏收费标准,还有谁在悄悄拒投“大屏”?******
近日,大批网友在网络社交端表示,爱奇艺APP对投屏价格进行了限制。过去爱奇艺黄金VIP会员支持4K清晰度视频投屏,但现在仅能选择480P清晰度。
对此,爱奇艺客服表示,黄金会员可以在电脑、平板和手机端使用,同时可以使用480P清晰度进行投屏。
记者体验发现,此前爱奇艺黄金会员投屏时,最高可选至4K高清,但目前黄金会员权限已被限制在480P清晰度。对于该规则的变化,爱奇艺方面暂未发表回应。
据记者目前体验发现,除了爱奇艺对投屏视频分辨率更改了收费标准,其他视频平台方面,芒果视频会员与腾讯视频会员仍旧可以原分辨率投屏,优酷从2022年下半年开始提示需额外付费12元才能投屏,B站大会员可以正常投屏。
据行业分析师对记者表示,爱奇艺更改黄金会员投屏标准的背后根本原因,仍旧是营收层面的压力。2022年12月16日,爱奇艺会员涨价政策落地后,网络上针对此次涨价舆情反弹剧烈,直冲微博热搜榜二位置,网友观点主要质疑爱奇艺为何再次涨价、为何对多机登录进行更严格审核。
对于当时涨价的原因,爱奇艺方面对第一财经记者回应称,未来会继续加大优秀作品的投资,让优秀内容创作者有所回报,让产业生态更健康。为会员朋友们提供更多像《人世间》《苍兰诀》《罚罪》《卿卿日常》《风吹半夏》这样的好作品。
易观分析文化消费行业资深顾问廖旭华对记者表示,涨价动作背后的根本原因仍旧是利润问题,虽说涨价必然会影响公司整体收入,但上次涨价动作已提供了充足的数据与经验,爱奇艺内部对于涨价影响已了解,所以此次基于利润的目的再次进行涨价动作。
自2020年11月至今,爱奇艺连续两年涨价,连续包月价格从每月15元一路上扬至25元,在财报电话会上,爱奇艺创始人兼CEO龚宇表示,爱奇艺从三季度起升级策略,驶入“冷静增长”新航道,即不再以现金流大量消耗为代价,而是将资源更多投入到公司的主营业务和有更高确定性的高ROI项目中。龚宇表示,基本上可以确定“2022年全年Non-GAAP运营层面盈亏平衡”的目标能够达成。
会员涨价已成为目前国内视频网站普遍选项,2022年4月20日,腾讯对腾讯视频VIP和超级影视VIP会员价格进行调整,涨价幅度在5元至20元之间。涨价幅度最大的是腾讯视频VIP连续包年,从过去的218元涨至238元。腾讯视频VIP连续包月、腾讯视频VIP年卡、超级影视VIP连续包月则分别涨价5元。此次爱奇艺涨价,平台会员价目前已与腾讯视频会员价基本持平。
但涨价的后遗症也在财报数据中有所体现。腾讯控股2022年三季度财报显示,截至三季度末,腾讯视频付费会员总数为1.20亿,同比减少900万,环比减少200万。对于付费会员数下降,腾讯方面回应是由于内容排播延后所致,同时虽然用户下滑,但“得益于会员价格调整的积极举措,ARPU(每用户平均收入)有所提升”。
爱奇艺三季度财报显示,该季度公司会员服务收入42亿元,相比去年三季度同比下滑2%,环比上季度下滑1.7%。虽然会员数实现了环比增长270万,季度日均订阅会员数达1.002亿,但相比去年同期1.038亿仍有所下降。
另外,月度平均单会员收入(ARM)为13.90元,同比增长2%,相比之前的14.69元、14.53元有所下滑。针对三季度会员收入同比下降的问题,龚宇表示,主要基于几点原因:第一是5、6、7月份受到疫情影响,消费者意愿下降;第二是6、7月份部分计划中的内容未上线;第三,有些过度缩减市场费用,导致第三季度前期业绩不好。
此次爱奇艺调整会员投屏,对会员数量、付费业务营收等方面的营收,需带下个季度财报时会有所体验。中国电子视像行业协会副秘书长董敏向第一财经记者表示,虽然近年来爱奇艺、优酷、腾讯的内容成本居高不下,经营利润不好。但是,打破之前的会员规则,且采用切甘蔗的方式逐次打破,对于消费者来说肯定难以接受。
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)